The "standard" text or texts today are the Nestle or Nestle-Aland text (1st edition, 1898; 27th edition, 1993) and/or the various editions of The Greek New Testament published by the United Bible Societies (1st edition, 1966; 4th edition, 1993). The 1881 WH Greek NT This is Westcott and Horts canon 9. (1,952 vs. 2,886). Brooke Foss Westcott (1825-1901) John Anthony Hort (1828-1892) Brooke Foss Westcott (an Anglican bishop and professor at Cambridge University) and Fenton John Anthony Hort (also an ordained priest and professor at Cambridge) produced a Greek New Testament in 1881 based on the findings of Tischendorf. Far beyond what Westcott and Hort changed, the Nestle-Aland and United Bible Society's extremely-annotated many-edition Greek Bible lists thousands of variants covering almost every verse. Returning to the specific texts, Westcott-Hort vs. the textus receptus: in truth, Ruckman is a nut and (b) so were Origen, Westcott, Hort, Nestle, and Aland. theology. Moorman counted every word of the Received Greek Text and also every word of the Nestle/Aland Greek Text and, on a chapter by chapter count, came up with the Nestle/Aland text being SHORTER than the Received Text by 2,886 words. TEXTO DE NESTLE-ALAND. The Alexandrian Text is highly used in these editions. and the Nestle (and Nestle-Aland) versions of this greek text still state, usually in the opening footnote at the bottom of page 1, that this supposed NEW Nestle (or Nestle-Aland) Greek text is based on Westcott and Hort, and / or the text of Tischendorf (which is Codex Sinaiticus). The critical text is an eclectic text compiled by a committee that examines existing (extant) manuscripts in order to weigh and select which reading is thought closest to the lost original autographs. So you're really getting three Greek texts in one. M-Text. Textus Receptus \u0026 Traditional Text preceeds the Critical Text (Westcott \u0026 Hort)! The NIV is said to be from a version of the Nestle-Aland Greek text. Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament. I have no reason to doubt the Alands' report on the history of the Nestle-Aland edition, and therefore it is just as wrong to say that the old Nestle-Aland text was that of Tischendorf, or Weiss, than to say it was that of Westcott-Hort. Some improvements can be made to these critical texts because the editors of the 26th to 28th editions of the Nestle-Aland text made revisions setting the text further apart from the Westcott and Hort text of 1881. Has over 5000 manuscripts that are fairly consistent with each other. Answer (1 of 21): I see some people are trying to answer this question but dont understand it. Textual scholars use the abbreviations "WH" or "WHNU". - Westcott and Hort agree upon plan of a joint revision of the text of the Greek Testament. Greek Bible text is displayed with unicode fonts that are installed on your system. THE WESTCOTT AND HORT ONLY CONTROVERSY. Rev. The 4 th edition of the UBS Greek New Testament and the 27 th edition of Nestles Novum Testamentum Graece are the same exact Greek text and they also follow the Westcott and Hort Greek text. Basicallyand as with all textual criticism its a mite more complicated than thisit polls the four New Testament texts of 1) Tregelles, 2) Westcott-Hort, 3) Robinson-Pierpont, and 4) Nestle-Aland* and lets you know at any given variant which editions have what. If Ive confused you with all these options, heres what I recommend for a beginning student. To offer up-to-date evidence of this point, I have made a fresh comparison of the 1881 compilation and the current edition of the Nestle-Aland compilation, in the following 2. 1. Ambroses fifth and final canon matches Westcott and Horts canon 6: That reading out of several is to be chosen, from which all the rest may have been derived, although it could not be derived from any of them. In other words, the reading that best explains all the others is probably original. Westcott-Hort Greek Text. It worries me that the compilers of what is now the NA text (Westcott, Hort, Aland, Nestle, Martini, Metzger) are people we wouldn't trust to teach Sunday school but it's fine when it comes to textual criticism and our new testament. The Aland rules generally follow the Westcott & Hort rules with one major difference. Greek NT: How to choose a Greek New Testament Interview with Dr. Greg The thing to see is that the text of 100 years ago (i.e., in 1980, the text of 1881, Hort s compilation) is barely different from the text being published as the 28th edition of Novum Testamentum Graece. Westcott and Hort were spiritualists. Reply. Apr. Others -- notably those of Westcott and Hort and the United Bible Societies -- have exercised great influence. Many will directly claim that the TR is the M-Text, or will say that the TR represents the vast majority of Greek manuscripts. Neither of these are true statements. The SBL text was initially based off of the 1885 Westcott and Hort text which was brought up to modern orthographic standards. If it says, Westcott & Hort or Nesle Aland Greek Text, they are based on the Minority, critical, or Sinaiticus and Vaticanus texts. Since the text of the 27th edition of NTG was the same as the text in the 26th edition (published in 1979), this means that all of I have no reason to doubt the Alands' report on the history of the Nestle-Aland edition, and therefore it is just as wrong to say that the old Nestle-Aland text was that of Tischendorf, or Weiss, than to say it was that of Westcott-Hort. See: Westcott & Hort vs. Textus Receptus: Which is Superior? The controversy over which English Bible to use all started with Westcott and Hort (who secretly held to heretical beliefs). The simple fact is that the Nestle-Aland (a later edition of this work) is used by thousands of scholars and students around the world for the study of biblical history and N.T. Here is a brief comparison: Majority Greek Text. - Westcott and Hort agree upon plan of a joint revision of the text of the Greek Testament. This is Nestle and Alands site for their Greek New Testament. 2. And it does so in an elegantly simple way. However, in 1881 scholars Westcott and Hort published a new Greek New Testament text that included the findings of Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus. Contrary to rumor, NA28 and UBS5 are not the same as the Westcott-Hort edition (1881). Riplinger speaks much on this subject and also aligns them with the New Age movement. Not only does this volume contain Westcott and Hort's groundbreaking Alexandrian text, the page-by-page comparison apparatus shows all differences between this Greek text, the Nestle-Aland text, and the Robinson-Pierpont Byzantine text. The early Eberhard Nestle is the closest public domain Greek New Testament to NA27/UBS4. This was Westcotts and Hortsassessment of B [Codex Vaticanus], after twenty years of study. texts are now identical. V. What You Have to Believe to Accept the Westcott and Hort Theory This is the Greek New Testament edited by B. F. Westcott and F. J. For instance, Westcott and Hort promoted the idea that the text of the Bible should be treated like any other ancient book. The Majority Text and the Original Text: Are They Identical? They are found in the Critical Text published in the twenty-sixth edition of the Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament (N) and in the United Bible Societies third edition (U), hence the acronym, "NU-Text." They had their own agenda and decided to make a new version of the Greek New Testament. The fact is that the Westcott-Hort text represents the first widely-accepted departure from the Received Text in the post-Reformation era, and the modern English versions descend directly from the W-H text. (Westcott & Hort) My Recommendations. Other Versions/Texts. When the New International Version is said to be one of the new Bible versions based upon the Westcott-Hort Greek text of 1881 someone will often argue that the NIV is not based on the Westcott-Hort. Apr. It is 536 pages in all. Its Textus-Receptus based, ignoring the corrupt Westcott-Hort (also known as UBS or Nestle-Aland) text. Westcott and Hort relied heavily on what they called the neutral family of texts, which involved the renowned fourth-century vellum Vaticanus and Sinaiticus manuscripts. They considered it quite decisive whenever these two manuscripts agreed, particularly when reinforced by other ancient uncial manuscripts. Luego en 1950 Kurt Aland, UH OH SPAGHETTI-O'S! evidence in our quest to ascertain the original wording of the The Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece is the base-text of most major modern English versions of the New Testament. 1901. The SBL text was initially based off of the 1885 Westcott and Hort text which was brought up to modern orthographic standards. Read the UBS section above for more details regarding these differences. The Alexandarian texts are the Sinaiticus and Vaticanus. This is a great Greek New Testament at a great price. The vast majority of evangelical scholars hold that the basic textual theories of Westcott and Hort were right and the church stands greatly in their debt. Thank you Gary for a very, very appropriate article that looks into this Textus Receptus vs Critical Text argument. (1,952 vs. 2,886). The Nestle-Aland and U.B.S. Westcott and Hort were heretics who hated scripture as Gods word, and hated the 1611 KJV, because it is closest to the original scriptures. They are the founding fathers of the Modern English Bible movement. In the course of the twentieth century, textual critics, Kurt Aland, Bruce Metzger, Cardinal Carlo Martini and others built on the works of Brooke Westcott and Fenton Hort and produced what is called the Nestle-Aland or United Bible It is also known as the Westcott and Hort text, after its editors Brooke Foss Westcott and Fenton John Anthony Hort. Modern English. Since its publication in 1881, Westcott and Horts work has proved to be impressively accurate, though far from perfect. 1851 Dec. 21st - Westcott ordained "priest" in Church of England. Kurt Aland and Barbara Aland, The Text of the New Testament (Eerdmans, 1995). In 1898 Eberhard Nestle, who had helped translate the Westcott & Hort's Greek text into English, "updated" it and re-published it as the "Nestle Greek New Testament". (Tischendorf, Westcott/Hort, and Weymouth; the last mentioned was replaced by the edition of B. Weiss in 1901). The 28th Edition of the Nestle-Aland with its unreached critical apparatus marks the standard and globally preeminent reference among Greek New Testament editions. They derived it primarily from two manuscripts, the Vaticanus (designated as Codex B) and the Sinaiticus (designated as Codex Aleph); and of these two, they leaned much more heavily on Codex B. Brooke Foss Westcott and Fenton John Anthony Hort, The New Testament in the Original Greek, vol. Some improvements can be made to these critical texts because the editors of the 26th to 28th editions of the Nestle-Aland text made revisions setting the text further apart from the Westcott and Hort text of 1881. Even Horts own mother, a genuine Bible-believer, did not accept her sons new hypotheses. However, the origin of this debate can be traced back to a publication by Westcott and Hort in 1881. 2: Introduction [and] Appendix (Cambridge: Macmillan, 1881). Brooke Westcott and Fenton Hort were 19th-century theologians and Bible scholars. A. Tischendorf: Editors. The editors of the 28th edition of NTG introduced 34 changes to the text, all in the General Epistles (James-Jude). In view of the preceding ten grossly erroneous statements on the subject of New Testament Greek Manuscript Differences, I appeal to you to help our Bible For Today ministry to re-print Dr. Jack Moorman's book entitled: "8,000 Differences Between the Textus Receptus and the Nestle-Aland NT Greek Texts." Ive copy/pasted the two rules that conflict just below: Westcott & Hort rule #9: Prefer readings in manuscripts that habitually contain better readings , which is more certain if its also an older manuscript and if it doesnt contain combinations of other variations ( as in rule #3 ). 2. The Readers Edition: The Greek New Testament (UBS5) The Greek text underlining the so-called King James Version is known as the Textus Receptus (or Received Text), the corrupt Greek text used by Westcott and Hort is today known as the Nestle-Aland Text. This was Kurt Alands assessment of P75, after many years of study. They both unreservedly rejected the Westcott-Hort Theory and the handful of corrupt manuscripts they promoted because the oldest were the best. The differences between Nestle 1904 and Nestle-Aland 27th are about 700 [Kurt and Barbara Aland - The text of the New Testament: an introduction to the critical editions and to the theory and practice of modern textual criticism page 20]. The Alexandrian priority text types as manifested in the 4 th edition of the Nestle-Aland Greece NT (N) and the UBS (U), the NU 4rt 1. Sadly, it seems to go in and out of print, so what should a discerning Bible student use? Dr. Phil Stringer This message was given at the 33rd Annual Meeting and Conference of the GraceWay BibleSociety meeting, Nestles-Aland and UBS (United Bible Society), differ very little from the Westcott and Hort text. W&H Heretics. The current Nestle-Aland edition, in its 28th edition, abbreviated NA28, is 99.5 percent the same as Westcott and Horts 1881 edition, even with an enormous amount of manuscript discoveries and hundreds of world-renowned textual scholars that take us back to the second and third centuries C.E. They started the Ghostly Guild in 1851 and before that the Hermes Club in 1845. Wilbur N. Pickering: The two most popular manual editions of the text today, Nestles-Aland and U.B.S. BGB New Testament - Greek Bible The New Testament of the Bible was written in Greek because Greek was the linga franca, or common language, of the Roman Empire. Fully steeped in the Alexandrian philosophy that "there is no perfect Bible", they had a vicious distaste for the King James Bible and its Antiochian Greek text, the Textus Receptus. As stated above, the text of the Nestle-Aland editions match the UBS editions. As proof of this, you can turn back to pages 2-3 for seven quotes that tie the Westcott and Hort's Greek text to Bruce Metzger has said the Erasmus Johannine comma story has no evidence. 1853 Jan.-Mar. The Authorized Version (KJV 1611) is based upon the TR [primarily the printed text of Stephens (1550 ed)]. The New Testament in the Original Greek is a Greek-language version of the New Testament published in 1881. Eberhard Nestle: In 1898 Nestle published the first edition of a new Greek testament, Novum Testamentum Greace, which combined the work of Westcott and Hort with that of Tischendorf. (obviamente una continuacin del trabajo de los apstatas W&H). The Nestle-Aland Greek text is based on what biblical textual scholars refer to as the "critical text". Download Greek Font. If the text isn't displayed correctly, we'll recommend you to install the special SBL-Greek font. claims to be based on the Nestle-Aland Greek Text, which is similar to the Westcott-Hort text because it is also based on the Alexandarian Greek texts. Masoretic Text, Westcott and Hort 1881 and Tregelles 1857. In 295 (54%) of these places it returns to the readings of the TR. Masoretic Text, Westcott and Hort 1881 and Tregelles 1857. October 22, 2020 at 9:19 am American Standard Version. Riplinger, pg 625. Ideally, a critical edition will include an apparatus supplying information about how the readings were decided upon. Also called the Byzantine text type or the M-text. The Westcott and Hort text is much simpler to define. 23rd - Fenton John Anthony Hort born at Dublin. Brent Tilley. American King James Version. The Westcott-Hort Greek text is very significant and its editors are highly significant to the history of textual criticism. 1828 Apr. Together, they produced The New Testament in the Original Greek, one of the earliest examples of modern textual criticism. ISBN 0802840981. This version is now in the public domain due to copyright expiration. The battle for the God's Word is now between the Greek words (7.1%) where the versions disagree --- the variants. 1828 Apr. 3500 - changes to content of the Bible, his own collation of the Greek New Testament . Then they created the Nestle-Aland (NA) and the United Bible Societies(UBS) Greek New Testaments, which are based on the Westcott-Hort Greek Text. This is 934 words more than were omitted from the Westcott and Hort text. 2. Date of Publication. #6 Conan, Apr 6, 2021. Scores of other scholars have come to the same conclusion. 57 Philip W. Comfort, The Complete Guide to Bible Versions(Wheaton, IL: Living Books, 1996), 86. [31] Bruce Metzger was an expert in Greek. The New Testament was written in Greek, and there are thousands of manuscripts to choose between. But Im sure its still out there. The 1881 WH Greek NT It is extremely common for King James Only advocates to conflate the Majority Text (M-Text) with the Textus Receptus (TR), or the tradition of printed Greek texts behind the King James Version. ISBN 0687193273. In 1950, Kurt Aland, who had worked under Nestle, took it over and re-published it Sinaiticus was found in the trash at a religious site at the foot of Mount Sinai in A.D.1844. The Greek source is documented for all renderings, with the following major sources being considered: Nestle, SBL, and Nestle Aland 28th Edition, Textus Receptus, Byzantine, Greek Orthodox, Tischendorf, Westcott and Hort, as well as a variety of manuscripts on which these critical texts are based. Westcott and Hort, and Weymouth. American King James Version. Moorman counted every word of the Received Greek Text and also every word of the Nestle/Aland Greek Text and, on a chapter by chapter count, came up with the Nestle/Aland text being SHORTER than the Received Text by 2,886 words. If Westcott-Hort had not been so successful in selling their text to the English revision committee, time would have generated a more complete review of their method before it became entrenched, and it may never have received wide acceptance. Im not a big fan of the font used on the site, but since it is Unicode you can change it to another Unicode font if you copy and paste the text. Since the 1967 Scofield isnt always available, I obtained a Scofield III KJV ( ISBN 978-0-19-527850-7 ) to see if its as good as its predecessor. 1851 Dec. 21st - Westcott ordained "priest" in Church of England. Nestle-Aland - 1993 - Twenty Seventh Edition United Bible Societies - 1983 - Fourth Edition Von Soden, Freiherr - 1902 Affected Teachings James 5:16 has been changed from faults to sins in the modern versions. The last two editions of each of these sport an identical text, a new received text, so to speak. It is true that the Westcott-Hort text is part of the heritage of both the Nestle texts and the UBS texts. Westcott & Hort (W & H) despised the KJV and the Textus Receptus. Brooke Foss Westcott (1825-1901) and Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828-1892) They sought out contact with the spiritual world (talking with the dead, etc.). This text was then compared with the 2005 Byzantine Textform text, the 1857 Tregelles text, and the Greek text that was used by the New International Version (NIV). (such as the Nestle's text and the United Bible Society's text). If spelling/orthographical differences occurred between either what appeared in Stephens 1550 vs. Nestle-Aland 26 or between W-H vs. Nestle-Aland 26, the orthography was conformed to that found in the Nestle-Aland 26th edition. Greek New Testaments such as these produced the modern English translations of the Bible we have today. 1: Text; vol. 23rd - Fenton John Anthony Hort born at Dublin. Moorman counted every word of the Received Greek Text and also every word of the Nestle/Aland Greek Text and, on a chapter by chapter count, came up with the Nestle/Aland text being SHORTER than the Received Text by 2,886 words. This is 934 words more than were omitted from the Westcott and Hort text. (1,952 vs. 2,886).